Towards a complex alignment evaluation dataset

Simple ontology alignments, largely studied, link one entity from a source ontology to one entity of a target ontology. One of the limitations of these alignments is, however, their lack of expressiveness which can be overcome by complex alignments. Different approaches for generating complex alignments have emerged in the literature [4,5,6]. However, there is a lack of datasets on which they can be evaluated. Ontology matching is the process of generating an alignment. An alignment A between a source o1 and a target o2 ontologies is a set of correspondences [2]. Each correspondence is a triple 〈eo1, eo2, r〉. eo1 and eo2 are the members of the correspondence: they can be single ontology entities or constructions of these entities using constructors or transformation functions. r is a relation (e.g., ≡, ≤, ≥) between eo1 and eo2. We consider two types of correspondences: – simple correspondence when both eo1 and eo2 are single entities: e.g. ∀x, o1:Person(x) ≡ o2:Human(x) is a simple correspondence. – complex correspondence when at least one of eo1 or eo2 is a construction of entities, i.e. involving at least a constructor or a transformation function. For example, ∀x,y, o1:priceInDollars(x,y) ≡ ∃y1, o2:priceInEuro(x,conversion(y)) is a complex correspondence with a transformation function (conversion that states that y1 = changeRate × y). ∀x, o1:AcceptedPaper(x) ≡ ∃y, o2:Paper(x) ∧ o2:acceptedBy(x,y) is a complex correspondence with constructors. A complex alignment contains at least one complex correspondence.